Writing

Ideas you can read, try, and question.

I start each tutorial with a picture or example, then develop a model you can test with tools. The labs let you see the idea in action and repeat the checks yourself.

Interactive labs

Learn by trying it.

Each lab uses a small model to make an idea visible and let you repeat the checks. Its conclusions apply to the stated model and assumptions.

Witness search Concolic Branch Lab

Concrete run, path condition, branch flip, bounded solve, replay. Companion to Tutorial 35.

Witness search Grammar Witness Search Lab

Compare searching through bytes with generating valid syntax, using the same test for an invalid state.

Witness search Grammar-to-Solver Handoff Lab

Structured generation stays valid, then hands off to a bounded solver when the obstacle is semantic.

Witness search Witness Space Explorer

Proposal distributions, acceptance regions, and found witnesses moving against each other.

Loop geometry Hybrid Loop Comparison Lab

Compare direct control with two hybrid loops on the same bounded task.

Loop geometry Galois Loop Lab

Watch obligation carving over a finite relation universe and see how the quotient changes repair.

Loop geometry Verifier-Compiler Lab

See verifier labels collapse into a smaller symbolic controller, and inspect when compression is pure.

Loop geometry Temporal Label Basis Lab

Compare coarse and richer temporal label bases; see why the stronger basis becomes exact only after the right first carve.

State and shape Vending Machine Explorer

A small live state machine for learning states, transitions, and invariants before things get abstract.

State and shape Shape Evolution Explorer

Move through shape choices and see how adding clauses changes reachable system behaviors.

State and shape ZenoDEX Shape Pruning Lab

Treat clauses as structural blockers on disaster states and inspect what each strengthening step removes.

Optimization TauEnergy Workbench

Measured route ranking, verifier authority, license-aware JSON metrics, and local replay commands.

Markets & alignment Market for Behaviors Lab

Animated graphs for the incentive map, supply-demand curves, compression loss, and the feedback loop. Watch diversity collapse as the loop tightens.

Neurosymbolic AI

Let models explore. Check what they find.

These tutorials show how to let models suggest actions and use deterministic checks to decide which actions can run.

  1. 08Reformulation and compression

    How a different representation can make a problem easier, and how symbolic tools check what a model proposes.

  2. 09MPRD and the Algorithmic CEO

    Design an architecture where models propose actions, rules control execution, and counterexamples guide improvements.

  3. 10Reasoning, logic, and prediction

    Compare statistical prediction with logical justification, and examine the role of a dedicated solver in checking a claim.

  4. 11Why current LLMs are not yet AGI

    Examine what reliable use of concepts and formalization requires beyond predicting language patterns.

  5. 12What reasoning is

    Separate guessing, search, explanation, and proof using a child arithmetic example, Peano arithmetic, and the difference between discovery and justification.

  6. 13Neuro-symbolic reasoning and witness spaces

    Use LLMs to propose witnesses and symbolic tools to check them. Explore proofs, counterexamples, synthesis, and the limits of search coverage.

  7. 14A perceptron in Tau Language

    Build a perceptron from formulas and run a bounded classifier in Tau. Inspect the classifier checks and the learning process that runs outside Tau.

  8. 15Quantifier factoring and neuro-symbolic loop engineering

    Use quantifiers to understand how model proposals and formal checks interact in counterexample search, certificate compression, and fixed point reasoning.

  9. 16Formal neural networks

    What would it take for a neural network to count as a computer in a strong sense, and what routes could get there?

  10. 17Prompt engineering and precision communication

    Reduce ambiguity by making structure explicit. Connect reformulation to state explosion. Try a transpiler that turns controlled language into specs.

  11. 18Predictive reading, scrambling, invariants, and proof

    Build an interactive scrambler app, verify logic invariants, and separate formal proof from empirical proof-by-witness.

  12. 19Platonic AI, applied AI, and replication boundaries

    Where the idealized model of AI meets the applied one, and why replication boundaries matter for assurance claims.

Verification and proof

Put a claim to the test.

The craft of formal verification: trusted cores, refutation, counterexamples, and the difference between proof in a closed formal world and corroboration in an open empirical one.

  1. 20Microkernels and micro-models

    Use seL4 to study how small components can be proved and combined under checked assumptions.

  2. 21Resolution, refutation, and falsification

    Put logical refutation and Popperian falsification side by side. Separate proof in a closed formal world from corroboration in an open empirical one.

  3. 22Consciousness, computationalism, and Rice's theorem

    If consciousness is a nontrivial semantic property of computation, then no general Turing-machine detector can decide it from arbitrary encodings.

  4. 23Counterexample-guided requirements discovery

    Recover missing requirements from witness structure, observation quotients, and minimal separator policies.

  5. 24Concolic testing and branch exploration

    Learn branch exploration as witness search: concrete execution gives one real path, symbolic path constraints steer the next run.

  6. 25Grammar-based fuzzing and structured search

    Generate inputs from a grammar so more test cases reach the program behavior you want to inspect.

  7. 26Attacking hard problems with Church's synthesis problem

    Define Church synthesis, examine which questions are decidable, and use smaller subproblems and invariants to manage complexity.

  8. 27Proof quality curation

    What separates a proof that checks from a proof that communicates, and how to curate a proof library for reviewer trust.

  9. 28What makes a proof library expert-grade

    The difference between a collection of checking proofs and a library that an expert reviewer can navigate, trust, and extend.

Tau Language

Write rules you can run.

Explore Tau Language: its decidable fragments, its optimizers, and what bounded prototypes can establish compared with full theorem proving.

  1. 35The countable Cantor algebra and its completion

    Why the clopen algebra of Cantor space is the unique countable atomless Boolean algebra, and what its completion adds.

  2. 36TABA, formula by formula

    Read the Boolean algebra behind TABA step by step, including formulas for quantifier elimination and guarded successors.

  3. 37Safe infinite-recursive tables in Tau Language

    Pointwise revision, fixed-point semantics, runnable demos, and the boundary between this prototype and full TABA tables.

  4. 38Optimizing Tau Language, Part I

    Choose an optimization method according to the formula fragment, using BDDs and CNF where the required checks pass.

  5. 39Temporal Tau, Part I

    Explore LTL operators over bounded time horizons in Tau, the reasons those formulas are decidable, and ways to optimize them.

  6. 40Optimizing Tau Language, Part II

    Search for faster rewrites and accept a candidate only when its certificate passes a trusted checker.

  7. 41Optimizing Tau Language, Part III

    Detect blowup risk before solving, compress unused variables, and use route prediction without replacing proof certificates.

  8. 42Official LTL(ABA) in Tau Language

    Ohad Asor's upstream Tau LTL(ABA) design, compared to the bounded Temporal Tau fragment.

  9. 43Controlled English and explanation certificates

    Translate a governance sentence into a counting formula with two variables, then prove the translation is sound.

  10. 44Bounded game tables in Tau Language

    Model a bounded game between two players as a Tau table. Inspect the winning regions and the limits of the result.

  11. 45Neuro-symbolic Boolean algebras in Tau Language

    Connect neural proposal distributions to Boolean constraints in Tau and test the conditions under which the connection holds.

  12. 46EML trees as neuro-symbolic hypotheses

    Use EML trees to generate, rank, and test symbolic hypotheses. Examine what the bounded tests establish and which claims require a proof.

  13. 47Symbolic hypothesis generation with EML and QNs

    Generate symbolic hypotheses from EML trees and quotient networks, then verify them against bounded Tau specs.

  14. 48Optimizing Tau Language, Part IV

    Sparse impact factor solving: identify which variables actually matter for a given query, and skip the rest.

  15. 49Optimizing Tau Language, Part V

    Energy-based route telemetry: measure which optimizer routes work, and feed the measurements back into route selection.

  16. 50Energy-based models as fast optimizers

    A tiny energy scorer ranks bounded candidate sets for Tau and ZenoDEX. Verifier authority stays separate.

  17. 51TauEnergy Workbench

    Use formulas checked by Tau to measure optimizer routes and train a small ranker. Repeat the demo to check how the ordering changes.

  18. 52TauEnergy chat architecture

    Connect an LLM interface, TauEnergy ranking, TauJEPA analysis of failures, and Tau verification in one assistant.

Full index

A growing tutorial library, organized and searchable.

The full tutorial index with suggested reading paths is on the repo's GitHub Pages site.